Sometimes (especially after an un-graceful process restart), Jenkins jobs will be stuck in a running state, and cancelling through the UI just doesn’t work.

Fortunately, jobs can be stopped via the Jenkins script console with this command (courtesy of https://stackoverflow.com/a/26306081/11125318):

Jenkins.instance.getItemByFullName("JobName")
                .getBuildByNumber(JobNumber)
                .finish(
                        hudson.model.Result.ABORTED,
                        new java.io.IOException("Aborting build")
                );